[55] A spouse's mental incapacity was later restored by the legislature as a grounds for dissolution of marriage, and remains the law of Florida today. It was a grandson Solomon Flagler, who first used the different spelling of the surname. Harry Harkness Flagler Publisher: Anna M. Marcotte Publication place: St. Augustine, FL Publication date: 1895 Physical description: p. 14 Summary: Mr. and Mrs. Harry Harkness Flagler arrived at the Ponce de Leon on Thursday. A major New York refiner, Charles Pratt and Company, headed by Charles Pratt and Henry H. Rogers, led the opposition to this plan, and railroads soon backed off. [20][21] Standard countered and held back its shipments and, with the help of other railroads, started a price war that dramatically reduced freight payments and caused labor unrest as well. [35] Ohio was especially vigorous in applying its state anti-trust laws, and finally forced a separation of Standard Oil of Ohio from the rest of the company in 1892, the first step in the dissolution of the trust. An interesting side note, Harry H. Flagler also fell in love with his mother's nurse. Harry Harkness Flagler. [22] The New York State Legislature's Hepburn Committee in 1879 conducted hearings in response to the complaints of local merchants that were not involved in the oil trade in order to investigate railroad rebate practices. [citation needed], The Overseas Railroad, also known as the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway, was heavily damaged and partially destroyed in the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. Flagler encouraged fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts to build hospitals, churches and schools in Florida. [45] Although Standard Oil was a partnership, Flagler was credited as the brain behind the booming oil refining business. [citation needed], When looking back at Flagler's life, after Flagler's death, George W. Perkins, of J.P. Morgan & Co., reflected, "But that any man could have the genius to see of what this wilderness of waterless sand and underbrush was capable and then have the nerve to build a railroad here, is more marvelous than similar development anywhere else in the world. 1870–1952. Another Harkness, Daniel M., was the hallf brother of both Henry Flagler and Stephen V. Harkness. Flagler worked with Northern labor agencies to lure new immigrants with false promises of paradise. From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : New York, 18 January 1948, to Wolfgang Rosé, 1948 Jan. 18. Over thirty years, Flagler had invested about $50 million in railroad, home and hotel construction and had made donations to suffering farmers after the freeze in 1894. [citation needed], In 1862, Flagler and his brother-in-law Barney Hamlin York (1833–1884) founded the Flagler and York Salt Company, a salt mining and production business in Saginaw, Michigan. "[29] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. Flagler, Harry Harkness was born on December 2, 1870 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It was reported that people along the railway line waited all night for the passing of the funeral train as it traveled from Palm Beach to St. Courtesy. FamilySearch believes that families bring joy and meaning to life. People. [1], He married Anne Lamont in 1894 and had a daughter, Mary Flagler Cary. Two years later, Flagler built the Palm Beach Inn (renamed The Breakers in 1901), overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in Palm Beach. If they refused the offer, Flagler and Rockefeller told them they would run them into bankruptcy and then cheaply buy up their assets at auction. Perhaps fortunately for Smith, he couldn't come up with the funds,[49] so Flagler began construction of the 540-room Ponce de Leon Hotel by himself, but spent several times his original estimate. Mary’s health was poor throughout her life, although she and Henry had three children: Jenny Louise, Carrie, and Harry Harkness. It supplied kerosene by tank cars that brought the fuel to local markets, and tank wagons then delivered to retail customers, thus bypassing the existing network of wholesale jobbers. "[40] Flagler and Rockefeller worked hard for their company to achieve such prominence. [12] Any data they Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. [43] Standard Oil's combined assets equalled approximately $42,882,650 (equivalent to $1.22 billion in 2019[8]) in Indiana, Kentucky, New Jersey, New York and Ohio. Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard. in blue. At the same time, he began to have an affair with Mary Lily Kenan; by 1899, newspapers began to openly question whether the two were having an affair. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. From the Flagler family records now in his possession. Ibid. Flagler found the city charming, but the hotel facilities and transportation systems inadequate. "[65], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. Information: The first column shows data points from Flagler, Harry Harkness, 1870- in red. Though Flagler and Rockefeller had long maintained a policy of active silence with the press, they decided to make themselves more accessible and responded with conciliatory comments such as "capital and labor are both wild forces which require intelligent legislation to hold them in restriction. Even though congressional investigations found no immigrant peonage at F.E.C., it is clear that the life of a common day laborer throughout the U.S. at that time was very difficult across all industries including mining, textiles, manufacturing, railroad and construction. Instead, an artificial island was constructed in Biscayne Bay called Flagler Monument Island. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. Aided The Philharmonic. In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. This collection has no restrictions. She had brought two sons to the marriage with Flagler from her previous marriage to the widower Dr. David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. FamilySearch is a nonprofit family history organization dedicated to connecting families across generations. In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. Mary Flagler Cary (1901–1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. [35], Upon his ascent to the presidency, Theodore Roosevelt initiated dozens of suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act and coaxed reforms out of Congress. Mendez, Jesus. Flagler dredged a channel, built streets, instituted the first water and power systems, and financed the city's first newspaper, The Metropolis. American philanthropist and music patron. He graduated from Columbia University in 1897. Flagler. I wish I had the brains to think of it. [2] He is known as the father of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. Standard Oil had gained an aura of invincibility, always prevailing against competitors, critics, and political enemies. In reality, the Keys were a living hell: isolated islands with unbearable heat, relentless mosquitoes, poisonous plants, rampant disease and meager medical care. Mary’s wedding gift was the luxurious Whitehall, a 60,000 square foot, 55-room mansion in Palm Beach that is today a museum with a fascinating story. Rather than try to influence the price of crude oil directly, Standard Oil had been exercising indirect control by altering oil storage charges to suit market conditions. By then the trust still had a 70% market share of the refined oil market but only 14% of the U.S. crude oil supply. [1][2], He was born in Cleveland, Ohio on December 2, 1870, to Henry Morrison Flagler, a founder of Standard Oil and Mary Harkness Flagler. For the train, see, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFKlepper1996 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFChernow1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRockefeller1984 (, Martin, p. 56, quoting Edwin Lefevre, in "Flagler and Florida" from, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Perspective | How slave labor built the state of Florida — decades after the Civil War", "Madoff scandal stuns Palm Beach Jewish community", "292: Colonel Joseph D. Potts Leader in the Pennsylvania on LiveAuctioneers", "The Story of Convict Leasing in Florida", "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes : Online Sunshine", "How slave labor built the state of Florida — decades after the Civil War", https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015002738212&view=1up&seq=609, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Flagler&oldid=1008431913, 19th-century American railroad executives, American businesspeople in the oil industry, American railroad executives of the 20th century, Infobox person using certain parameters when dead, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017, Articles with dead external links from June 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. From 1880 to 1914, more than 22 million people had migrated to the United States. "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 23 February 2021, at 07:41. In historical perspective, "Flagler built his tourist empire — and modern Florida — by exploiting two brutal labor systems that blanketed the South for 50 years after the Civil War: convict leasing and debt peonage. Convicts held beyond their sentences became debt peons, forced to labor to pay off debt owed to their lessor-turned-employer.